Initial commit: VPS tutorial complet (105 etapes)

12-backup.md

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+# 12. Backup Rsync
+
+## Prerequis
+
+- Serveur de stockage distant avec acces SSH
+- Cle SSH configuree pour l'acces sans mot de passe
+
+## Configurer l'acces SSH
+
+```bash
+# Copier la cle SSH de l'utilisateur vers root (le script tourne en root via cron)
+mkdir -p /root/.ssh
+cp /home/<USER>/.ssh/id_* /root/.ssh/
+cp /home/<USER>/.ssh/known_hosts /root/.ssh/
+```
+
+Tester :
+```bash
+ssh -p <PORT_SSH_DISTANT> <USER_DISTANT>@<HOST_DISTANT> "echo OK"
+```
+
+## Creer la config
+
+Creer `/etc/vps-backup.env` :
+
+```bash
+REMOTE_USER=<USER_DISTANT>
+REMOTE_HOST=<HOST_DISTANT>
+REMOTE_PORT=<PORT_SSH_DISTANT>
+REMOTE_BASE=<CHEMIN_DISTANT>/backups
+DB_BACKUP_DIR=/tmp/vps-db-backup
+```
+
+```bash
+chmod 600 /etc/vps-backup.env
+```
+
+## Creer les repertoires distants
+
+```bash
+ssh -p <PORT_SSH_DISTANT> <USER_DISTANT>@<HOST_DISTANT> "mkdir -p <CHEMIN_DISTANT>/backups/{db,etc,ispconfig,www}"
+```
+
+## Script de backup
+
+Creer `/usr/local/bin/vps-backup.sh` :
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+
+source /etc/vps-backup.env
+
+DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
+LOG="/var/log/vps-backup.log"
+
+echo "[$DATE] Backup started" >> $LOG
+
+# Dump databases
+mkdir -p $DB_BACKUP_DIR
+rm -f $DB_BACKUP_DIR/*.sql.gz $DB_BACKUP_DIR/*.tar.gz
+
+for DB in $(mysql -N -e "SHOW DATABASES" | grep -v -E "^(information_schema|performance_schema|sys)$"); do
+    mysqldump --single-transaction --routines --triggers "$DB" | gzip > "$DB_BACKUP_DIR/${DB}.sql.gz"
+done
+
+# Compresser en tar
+tar -czf "$DB_BACKUP_DIR/all-databases-${DATE}.tar.gz" -C $DB_BACKUP_DIR --exclude="*.tar.gz" . || true
+rm -f $DB_BACKUP_DIR/*.sql.gz
+
+# Sync
+rsync -avz -e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" $DB_BACKUP_DIR/*.tar.gz $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:$REMOTE_BASE/db/ || echo "[$DATE] DB sync failed" >> $LOG
+rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" /etc/ $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:$REMOTE_BASE/etc/ || echo "[$DATE] etc sync failed" >> $LOG
+rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" /usr/local/ispconfig/ $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:$REMOTE_BASE/ispconfig/ || echo "[$DATE] ispconfig sync failed" >> $LOG
+rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" /var/www/ $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:$REMOTE_BASE/www/ || echo "[$DATE] www sync failed" >> $LOG
+
+rm -rf $DB_BACKUP_DIR
+
+DATE_END=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
+echo "[$DATE_END] Backup completed" >> $LOG
+```
+
+```bash
+chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/vps-backup.sh
+```
+
+## Cron quotidien
+
+```bash
+crontab -e
+# Ajouter :
+0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/vps-backup.sh
+```
+
+## Tester
+
+```bash
+sudo /usr/local/bin/vps-backup.sh
+```
+
+> **Piege :** Le script tourne en root via cron. La cle SSH de root doit etre configuree pour l'acces distant.