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Script Shadow acbe11489c Initial commit: VPS tutorial complet (105 etapes)

2026-04-08 16:15:11 +02:00

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2. Configuration de Base

Creer un utilisateur

adduser <USER>
usermod -a -G sudo <USER>

Configurer /etc/hosts

cat > /etc/hosts << 'EOF'
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<IP> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>

# IPv6
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
EOF

Verifier le hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname <FQDN>
hostname -f
# Doit afficher : <FQDN>

Editeur par defaut

apt install vim micro
update-alternatives --config editor
# Choisir micro ou vim

Installer etckeeper

apt update && apt install etckeeper

Mettre a jour les sources apt

Ubuntu 24.04 utilise le format deb822 (/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources). Verifier que main universe restricted multiverse et backports sont presents.

apt update && apt dist-upgrade && apt autoremove

Paquets de base

apt install curl wget ntpdate apt-transport-https apt-listchanges apt-file apt-rdepends man

Locale FR

apt install locales
dpkg-reconfigure locales
# Selectionner fr_FR.UTF-8
apt install task-french

Debfoster

apt install debfoster
debfoster

Script keeper pour etckeeper

Creer /etc/etckeeper/pre-commit.d/35debfoster :

#!/bin/sh
set -e
LANG=C
export LANG

shellquote() {
        sed -e "s/'/'\"'\"'/g" -e "s/^/'/" -e "s/$/'/"
}

if [ "$VCS" = git ] || [ "$VCS" = hg ] || [ "$VCS" = bzr ] || [ "$VCS" = darcs ]; then
        debfoster -q -k /etc/keepers
        chmod 600 /etc/keepers
        sed -i "1i\\# debfoster file" /etc/keepers
        sed -i "1i\\# Generated by etckeeper.  Do not edit."  /etc/keepers
        if [ "$VCS" = git ]; then
                git add keepers
        fi
fi

chmod 755 /etc/etckeeper/pre-commit.d/35debfoster
etckeeper commit

Mises a jour automatiques

apt install unattended-upgrades

# Verifier dans /etc/ssh/sshd_config :
PermitRootLogin no

Sudo sans mot de passe

addgroup --system sudonp
usermod -a -G sudonp <USER>
echo '%sudonp ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/010_sudonp
chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/010_sudonp

Important : Deconnectez-vous et reconnectez-vous pour activer le groupe.

Neofetch + MOTD

apt install neofetch

Creer /etc/neofetch.conf :

print_info() {
    info title
    info underline
    info "OS" distro
    info "Host" model
    info "Kernel" kernel
    info "Uptime" uptime
    info "Packages" packages
    info "Shell" shell
    info "CPU" cpu
    info "CPU Usage" cpu_usage
    prin "Load" "$(cat /proc/loadavg | awk '{print $1, $2, $3}')"
    info "GPU" gpu
    info "Memory" memory
    info "Disk" disk
    info "Local IP" local_ip
    info "Public IP" public_ip
    info "Users" users
    info "Locale" locale
    info cols
}

title_fqdn="on"
memory_percent="on"
memory_unit="mib"
package_managers="on"
image_backend="ascii"
cpu_temp="on"

Creer /etc/update-motd.d/20-neofetch :

#!/bin/sh
neofetch --config /etc/neofetch.conf

chmod 755 /etc/update-motd.d/20-neofetch

Script MOTD mises a jour

apt install python3-apt

Creer /etc/update-motd.d/30-updates avec le script Python de detection des mises a jour (voir scripts/setup_motd_updates.py).

chmod 755 /etc/update-motd.d/30-updates

Installer dselect

apt install dselect

Ajouter un fichier de swap (4 Go)

fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
echo '/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
echo 'vm.swappiness = 5' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

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